Energy+Within+Foods

**Sunny Chieng, Cheryl Kao, and Maho Hayashi present:**
= **__Energy Within Foods!__** =

**__Background:__**
==== The amount of energy per gram present in different foods is important as we consume foods everyday. Some high energy foods may not be good for health as they often do not have the nutrients that we need and are just an excess of calories. Obesity is a global issue that stems from overconsumption of foods that are high in energy but lack nutrients. Knowing the amount of energy in foods is important because it can help people determine how much food they should eat to maintain their weight or to lose weight (in the case of overweight people) or to gain weight (in the case of underweight people). Raising awareness of high energy foods may also help solve the problem of obesity in the future as people will become more aware of how their food choices affect their weights. ====

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 * 3.** Fill the beaker with 40cm3 of water for each trial.

**__Table I: Average Change in Mass for Snack Bar Foods.__**

 * ====**Food**==== || ====**Trial 1 .**==== || ====**Trial 2 .**==== || ====**Trial 3 .**==== || ====**Trial 4 .**==== || ====**Trial 5 .**==== || ====**Average Change in Mass (g)**==== ||
 * ====**Banana muffin**==== || ====0.927==== || ====0.100==== || ====0.393==== || ====0.492==== || ====2.195==== || ====0.821==== ||
 * ====**Granola bar**==== || ====0.491==== || ====0.492==== || ====0.318==== || ====1.468==== || ====0.504==== || ====0.655==== ||
 * ====**Chip**==== || ====1.274==== || ====0.947==== || ====1.072==== || ====0.973==== || ====0.822==== || ====1.018==== ||
 * ====**Chicken**==== || ====0.049==== || ====0.206==== || ====0.226==== || ====0.161==== || ====0.174==== || ====0.163==== ||
 * ====**Banana bread**==== || ====0.200==== || ====1.029==== || ====0.409==== || ====0.361==== || ====0.306==== || ====0.461==== ||
 * ====**Fries**==== || ====0.237==== || ====0.070==== || ====0.103==== || ====0.251==== || ====0.176==== || ====0.167==== ||
 * ====**Quesadilla**==== || ====0.157==== || ====0.092==== || ====0.215==== || ====0.268==== || ====0.820==== || ====0.310==== ||

**__Table II: Average Change in Temperature for Snack Bar Foods.__**

 * ====**Food**==== || ====**Trial 1 .**==== || ====**Trial 2 .**==== || ====**Trial 3 .**==== || ====**Trial 4 .**==== || ====**Trial 5 .**==== || ====**Average Change in Temperature (**°**C)**==== ||
 * ====**Banana muffin**==== || ====0.4==== || ====0.7==== || ====0.4==== || ====0.2==== || ====0.2==== || ====0.38==== ||
 * ====**Granola** bar==== || ====0.3==== || ====0.3==== || ====0.1==== || ====0.2==== || ====0.1==== || ====0.2==== ||
 * ====**Chip**==== || ====3.2==== || ====2.7==== || ====1.2==== || ====2.8==== || ====1.5==== || ====2.28==== ||
 * ====**Chicken**==== || ====1.1==== || ====0.1==== || ====0.1==== || ====0.07==== || ====0.1==== || ====0.294==== ||
 * ====**Banana bread**==== || ====0.3==== || ====0.2==== || ====0.3==== || ====0.1==== || ====0.1==== || ====0.2==== ||
 * ====**Fries**==== || ====0.9==== || ====0.2==== || ====0.4==== || ====0.1==== || ====0.5==== || ====0.42==== ||
 * ====**Quesadilla**==== || ====0.1==== || ====0.05==== || ====0.1==== || ====0.5==== || ====3.5==== || ====0.85==== ||

**__Table III: Average Change in Temperature per gram (∆t/g).__**

 * ====**Food**==== || ====**Change Temperature per Gram (**°**C)**==== ||
 * ====**Banana muffin**==== || ====0.463==== ||
 * ====**Granola** bar==== || ====0.306==== ||
 * ====**Chip**==== || ====2.241==== ||
 * ====**Chicken**==== || ====1.801==== ||
 * ====**Banana bread**==== || ====0.434==== ||
 * ====**Fries**==== || ====2.509==== ||
 * ====**Quesadilla**==== || ====2.738==== ||

**__Table IV: The Energy Each Food Contains:__**

 * ====**Food**==== || ====**Energy (J) using q=mcΔt**==== ||
 * ====**Banana Muffin**==== || ====77.414==== ||
 * ====**Granola Bar**==== || ====51.163==== ||
 * ====**Chip**==== || ====374.695==== ||
 * ====**Chicken**==== || ====301.127==== ||
 * ====**Banana Bread**==== || ====72.565==== ||
 * ====**Fries**==== || ====419.505==== ||
 * ====**Quesadilla**==== || ====457.794==== ||

**__Conclusions:__**
==== By burning the foods, we were able to extrapolate the energy that the foods in the snack bar provide to students at TAS. The quesadilla had the largest amount of temperature change. This suggests that quesadillas have higher amounts of energy and will stimulate weight gain at the school if the students do not exercise (burn lipids) at a matching pace. This will be addressed later on in the lab. ====

==== The uncertainty for the quesadilla stems from the burning of multiple types of food in the beginning of the trials ie. cheese, tomato, green pepper, onions, jalapenos, and cumin powder. This provides liquids and will contribute to different temperature changes resulting in the incongruity of the overall ∆t. Additionally, the properties of cheese allow for a fast rate of heat absorption (low boiling point) therefore the cheese would raise the temperature of the water much more rapidly than the burning of the wrap skin. ====

==== The granola bar did not greatly increase the temperature of the water which therefore asserts that the food-type in the cafeteria would not greatly replenish the strengths of students. What will be analyzed is the overall choices of the students presented by their daily fitness routine which would maintain their healthy shape. Now the uncertainty from granola bars, similar to the quesadilla is a result of the burning of different types of foods present in the granola bar itself. The outer layer was easily heated however the inside was composed of a sticky jelly which restricted the fire from burning the rest of the granola bar. ====

This uncertainty would carry on to the other foods: Although we tried to burn one part of the food, there were still external factors which impacted the temperature.
==== The analysis of the food would therefore affect the diet of the student population at TAS. For the students who eat at the snack bar, looking at the number of students we surveyed and their daily schedules, it can be inferred that the majority of them spend a lot of time working and sitting in a chair reading with only less than an hour's exercise within the daily routine. Looking at the amounts the majority of students offered as a response, a medium-to-large filling meal was eaten everyday. Since many students also skipped out on breakfast, they also stated that lunch and dinner became compensations. Some would indulge on snacks throughout the day (this includes the Snack Bar) others decided to have some fries or desert from the snack bar as well. ====

==== However, looking at the amount of exercise, considering that each students eats more calories than they burn, this would lead to obesity within the school. For students smaller than juniors, who must take a mandatory fitness class, the hour and twenty minutes of fitness is described a fun and exhausting. An encouraged time period of exercise for students who work a lot is encouraged by this lab report--this would actually be beneficial for any student since exercise does stimulate cognitive abilities in students. ====

**__Evaluation of Procedure:__**
==== There are several errors in this experiment, such as the fact that the mass of the food wasn’t regulated. Instead of measuring out a set amount of food for each trial, the food was taken by chunks and heated to get rid of the water, and then heated again and placed underneath the beaker of water after it caught on fire. Another error would be that when the food was being heated the second time (after being blown out after the water evaporated so that it could be weighed) it would have lost energy as we heated the food. The third error would be the time in between heating the food the second time and placing it underneath the beaker to record the energy within the food; the food would have lost energy as we heated it the second time and as we moved it underneath the beaker. The fourth error would be that the experiment wasn’t a closed system, it was an open system, therefore not all of the energy would have been absorbed by the water; it could have gone anywhere. ====

==== To improve the problem of different masses, it would have been logical to use a metal-webbed net to hold the food while its being heated, instead of tongs. The reason that the food wasn’t weighed in the end was because if the food is set at a specific weight, it would have to be chopped up, therefore making it harder to hold it with tongs. However, if a metal-webbed net was used, it would have allowed us to place small chucks of food on, without the fear of dropping it. Another way to improve this experiment would be to change the procedure. If the candle was placed on the bottom of the calorimeter, the metal-webbed net placed on the top, the food placed on the net, and another calorimeter was used to cover it over, then not as many energy from the food will escape, compared to the previous method. Then, after checking if the food's water evaporated/and it caught on fire, place the beaker next to the food, inside the calorimeter, on the metal-webbed net. This method can trap more energy within the calorimeter, giving better results, and is much more "closed" system compared to the previous method. ====

==== The uncertainty for the quesadilla stems from the burning of multiple types of food in the beginning of the trials ie. cheese, tomato, green pepper, onions, jalapenos, and cumin powder. This provides liquids and will contribute to different temperature changes resulting in the incongruity of the overall temperature changes per trial. ====

Sources Referenced: http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/006/Y5022E/y5022e04.htm http://healthyeatingclub.com/info/books-phds/books/foodfacts/html/data/data2a.html http://www.machinehead-software.co.uk/bike/power/kcal_food_energy.html

__Banana Muffin Trial One:__ __°C/second__