Shock+Absorption+and+Calorie+Count

For our experiments to assess the health and safety at TAS, we decided to investigate the calorie count in some of the food available at the snack bar and the shock absorption provided by the various surfaces around school.

Group Members -Catherine, Purna, Karishma, Ming-Ray, Tiffany, Sony

Question: How much shock will different surfaces absorb?

__EXPERIMENT 1__  Materials
 * Motion Detector
 * Tennis ball
 * Stand (chair/bench, textbooks x4)
 * Vernier Logger Pro

Variables
 * Independent Variable-different surfaces (grass, turf, carpet)
 * Dependent Variable-height of ball that bounces back ; amount of energy lost in system
 * Controlled variable:
 * Height in which the ball is thrown :74cm. (height from the top of the ball to the ground)
 * Type of ball: tennis ball (the amount of air inside the ball must be constant, the more air that is inside an object, the higher the rebound will be)
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Equipment used to measure change in height (so the fluctuations of minute measurements will be kept constant, and so allows us to compare the data accurately.)

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Procedure:
 * 1) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Set up stand at 77cm ; with motion detector on the top
 * 2) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Drop the tennis ball and start the motion detector
 * 3) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Get the recordings and calculate the energy lost
 * 4) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">repeat for different surfaces

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Data Calculation and Processing:

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Ep= mgh

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Potential energy is lost as the surface of the floor absorbs energy thus the calculation of lost energy could be found from finding Ep =mgh1- Ep = mgh2.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Table 1-average height of first bounce of tennis ball
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Surface || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">trial 1 (m) 0.05 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">trial 2 (m) 0.05 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">trial 3 (m) 0.05 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">average (m) 0.15 ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Brick || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">0.705 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">0.707 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">0.735 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">0.716 ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Carpet || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">0.620 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">0.616 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">0.640 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> 0.625 ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Grass || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">0.624 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">0.670 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">0.696 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">0.663 ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Cermanic tile || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">0.640 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">0.641 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">0.625 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">0.635 ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Track || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">0.761 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">0.741 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">0.686 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">0.729 ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Turf || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">0.681 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">0.684 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">0.692 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">0.686 ||

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Table 2-Calculated Data for energy lost


 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Surface || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Mass (kg) 0.0001 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Gravity (m/s) || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Initial height (m) 0.05 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Final height (m) 0.05 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Difference in height (m) 0.1 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">energy lost (J) 0.05 ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Brick || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">0.0568 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">9.8 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">0.74 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">0.716 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">0.024 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">0.013 ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Carpet || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">0.0568 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">9.8 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">0.74 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">0.625 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">0.115 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">0.064 ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Grass || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">0.0568 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">9.8 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">0.74 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">0.663 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">0.077 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">0.043 ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Ceramic Tile || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">0.0568 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">9.8 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">0.74 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">0.635 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">0.105 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">0.058 ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Track || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">0.0568 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">9.8 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">0.74 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">0.729 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">0.110 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">0.061 ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Turf || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">0.0568 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">9.8 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">0.74 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">0.686 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">0.054 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">0.030 ||

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Conclusion: If the average height of the returning bounce on a certain type of floor material is lower than that of another floor type, the shock absorption is higher, thus more energy is absorbed in the process. From the processed data, it can be seen that of the surface types that were collected within Taipei American School; carpets absorb the most shock therefore it is less damaging to the body compared to other surfaces. T his can be useful in daily life as the more shock absorption that a certain surface has, it allows for less strain put on the knees and less pain will be felt if one accidentally trips or is tackled in sports.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Evaluation : Possible sources of errors would be w hen the ball was dropped, it was unable to make an air vacuum such that there was no air interfering with the ball as it dropped to the ground. This experiment is unable to be related to the actual shock absorption by the different surfaces as the tennis ball is not representative of a human body, and the tennis ball which was used in the experiment was an old one, which has a elasticity that differs with a new tennis ball.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Question: How much calories do foods in TAS give off?

<span style="background-color: transparent; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline;">__EXPERIMENT 2 :__ __Materials__
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Food-1gCalorimeter
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Quesadilla
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Chips
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Chicken nuggets
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Power Bar
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Muffin
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Banana bread
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Ethanol-5ml x 7
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Matches-1 match for each, therefore 7
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">80ml of water
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Graduated cylinder
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Petri dishes x 7
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Petri dishes x 7


 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Independent variable-type of food, glucose, fructose, lactose, starch (quesadilla, banana bread, muffin...etc)
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Dependent variable- Amount of energy produced(measured by the temperature change.)
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Controlled variable: Amount of ethanol, amount of water

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline;">__Procedure:__ <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1. Break food up into 1g pieces <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> 2. Measure 5mL of ethanol into a beaker <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> 3. Place food into 5ml beakers of ethanol <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> 4. Pour 80mL water into the calorimeter <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> 5. Place the beaker with ethanol and food into the calorimeter <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> 6. Start the temperature probe and place the beaker with food and ethanol into the water <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> 7. Let the water sit for 60 seconds to equalize the temperature <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> 8. Light the match, and put it into the beaker with ethanol and food (stir while the reaction is occuring) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> 9. Collect the temperature until the mixture has finished burning (until ethanol runs out) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> 10. Measure the change in mass after combustion <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> 11. Repeat the procedure with other foods <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> 12. Provide the control-burning ethanol with the same process as above

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Processed data:

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> q=mcdt <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> e= q/m

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Table 1-Calculated energy of different foods
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Food || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Energy (kCal/g) ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Banana Bread || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">0.68 ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Power Bar || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">0.08 ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Chicken Nuggets || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">6.07 ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Muffin || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1.27 ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Quesdilla || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1.43 ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Tortilla chips || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1.33 ||

<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> Conclusion: From the calculated data, it was found that chicken nuggets had the most energy while the power bar had the least. The reason for the chicken nuggets to have a high amount of energy is because it is fried and has oil which is highly flammable, releasing lots of heat; from a biological view point, oil is a lipid and is a form of long term energy storage so it contains significantly more energy than basic starch or protein.

<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;">Evaluation: When the experiment was conducted inside a calorimeter, the lid was opened such that the fire was able to burn. This allowed for the oxygen to burn as if a flame was started with a lid on it, the flame doesn't have enough oxygen to burn. This caused for the flame to lose its energy and threw off the data that was collected. A method to improve this will be to have a tube which pumps oxygen inside the calorimeter to allow for the flame to burn. It was also hard to make for the all parts of the food to burn and therefore it cannot be said that the collected data is precise; such examples of this were the jalapenos of the quesedilla and the nuts from the muffin weren't burnt in the process.